Global - Premier Propylene Glycol: Hadin Halitta Mai Aiki Da Yawa

Abubuwan Jiki da Sinadarai

Bayyanar da Ƙamshi: Propylene glycol yana bayyana a matsayin ruwa mara launi, mai haske, kuma mai kauri. Yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano kuma kusan ba shi da wari, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da amfani da shi inda ake buƙatar yanayin ji na tsaka-tsaki.

Narkewa: Yana nuna kyakkyawan daidaito, yana iya haɗawa gaba ɗaya da ruwa, ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, da sauran sinadarai masu narkewar halitta da yawa. Wannan siffa tana ba shi damar yin aiki a matsayin mai ƙarfi da kuma mai fitar da sinadarai masu narkewa a cikin nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban.

Muhimman Abubuwan da ke Cike da Jiki: Da nauyin molar na 76.09 g/mol, propylene glycol yana da yawan kusan 1.036 g/cm³ a ​​25°C, wanda ya ɗan yi kauri fiye da ruwa. Wurin narkewar sa shine - 59°C, wanda ke ba shi damar ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yanayin ruwa a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi. Wurin tafasa yana tsaye a 188.2°C a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yau da kullun, yana nuna daidaitonsa a yanayin zafi na muhalli na yau da kullun. Wurin walƙiya yana da girma sosai, kusan 99°C (rufe - kofi), yana rage haɗarin ƙonewa ba zato ba tsammani.

Amsar Sinadarai: A matsayin diol, propylene glycol na iya shiga cikin nau'ikan halayen sinadarai iri-iri da aka saba gani a cikin ƙungiyoyin barasa. Yana iya samar da esters idan aka yi amfani da su da carboxylic acid, wanda yake da mahimmanci wajen haɗa kayayyakin masana'antu da na masu amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya fuskantar rashin ruwa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ethers na intramolecular cyclic ko polymers na intermolecular.

Yankunan Aikace-aikace

Masana'antar Abinci da Abin Sha: Propylene glycol yana da ayyuka da yawa a wannan fanni. Yana aiki a matsayin mai laushi, yana taimakawa wajen riƙe danshi a cikin kayayyakin abinci kamar su kayan gasa, kayan ƙanshi, da kayayyakin kiwo, ta haka yana tsawaita lokacin shirya su - tsawon rai da kuma kiyaye yanayinsu. A matsayin mai narkewa, ana amfani da shi don narkar da dandano, launuka, da abubuwan kiyayewa, yana tabbatar da rarrabawa iri ɗaya a cikin abubuwan abinci da abin sha. Misali, ana samunsa galibi a cikin abubuwan dandano na ruwa don abubuwan sha masu laushi da kuma ɗaukar mai mai mahimmanci a cikin kayayyakin abinci. Hakanan an amince da shi azaman ƙarin abinci (E1520) a Tarayyar Turai, kuma Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da shi a matsayin mai aminci (GRAS) lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin takamaiman iyakoki.

Masana'antar Magunguna: A fannin magunguna, propylene glycol yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin maganin narkewa ga magungunan da ba sa narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa yadda ake yin su zuwa magungunan da ake sha ta baki, ta hanyar allura, da kuma ta hanyar shafawa ta fuska. Misali, a cikin magungunan da ake sha ta ruwa da yawa, propylene glycol yana taimakawa wajen narkar da sinadaran magunguna masu aiki, yana tabbatar da daidaiton allurai. A cikin magungunan da ake sha ta fuska kamar man shafawa da man shafawa, yana aiki a matsayin mai humewa da haɓaka shigar azzakari, yana inganta shan magunguna ta fata. Hakanan yana da wasu kaddarorin antibacterial da fungal, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga adana kayayyakin magunguna.

Kayan kwalliya da Kulawa da Kai: Propylene glycol muhimmin sinadari ne a cikin nau'ikan kayan kwalliya da na kula da kai. A cikin kayayyakin kula da fata kamar su moisturizers, serums, da cleanser, yana aiki a matsayin mai humectant, yana jawo danshi daga iska kuma yana ɗaure shi da fata, don haka yana kiyaye fata ta jike. Sifofin narkewar sa suna ba shi damar narkar da sinadarai masu aiki da ƙamshi daban-daban, yana tabbatar da rarraba su daidai gwargwado a cikin samfura. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin kayayyakin kula da gashi kamar shamfu da conditioners don inganta yanayin su da kuma taimakawa wajen isar da sinadarai masu amfani zuwa ga gashin. A cikin goge farce, propylene glycol yana aiki a matsayin mai plasticizer, yana hana gogewa ya yi rauni da guntu cikin sauƙi.

Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu: Propylene glycol muhimmin sashi ne na samar da kayan masana'antu daban-daban. Yana da muhimmin abu wajen hada resin polyester marasa cika, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai wajen kera filastik mai ƙarfi. Waɗannan robobi suna samun aikace-aikace a masana'antu kamar su mota, gini, da ruwa, saboda ƙarfinsu mai yawa - zuwa - rabon nauyi da juriyar tsatsa. A masana'antar kera motoci, ana amfani da tsarin hana daskarewa da sanyaya iska bisa propylene glycol don daidaita zafin injina, hana zafi da daskarewa. Hakanan yana aiki azaman mai narkewa da ɗaukar ruwa a cikin rufi, tawada, da manne, yana haɓaka aikinsu da halayen aikace-aikacensu.

Hanyoyin Shiri

Ruwan da ke cikin Epoxy Propane: Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin masana'antu da aka fi amfani da su. A cikin wannan tsari, epoxy propane (propylene oxide) yana amsawa da ruwa a gaban mai kara kuzari. Wannan amsawar na iya faruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. A cikin hanyar ruwa kai tsaye, ana amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa (kusan 150 - 200°C) da matsin lamba (0.98 - 2.94 MPa), tare da rabon molar na ruwa zuwa epoxy propane yawanci kusan 20. Kodayake ƙimar juyawar epoxy propane zuwa propylene glycol na iya kaiwa kusan kashi 85%, wasu samfuran polypropylene glycol suma ana samar da su. Wata hanyar ita ce hydrolysis na acid, inda aka ƙara ƙaramin adadin mai kara kuzari (kamar sulfuric acid). Ana gudanar da amsawar a ƙaramin zafin jiki (50 - 70°C), kuma samfurin da aka samar yana buƙatar a narkar da shi kuma a tsarkake shi ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar narkar da injin don samun tsarkin propylene glycol mai ƙarfi.

Glycerol Hydrogenolysis: tasirinsa ga sinadaran halitta Ana iya amfani da Glycerol a matsayin kayan da aka samar don samar da propylene glycol. A cikin wannan hanyar, glycerol da farko yana shan protonation na rukunin hydroxyl ɗinsa, sannan sai a shanye shi a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta don samar da samfuran matsakaici kamar enols da keto - aldehyde tautomers. Waɗannan samfuran matsakaici sannan a sha hydrogenation a gaban mai kara kuzari (kamar mai kara kuzari mai tushen jan ƙarfe), a ƙarshe yana samar da propylene glycol 1,2. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idar amfani da kayan abinci mai sabuntawa (glycerol), wanda za'a iya samu daga tushe kamar samar da biodiesel.

Hanyoyin Fasahar Halitta: Wasu ƙananan halittu, kamar wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da yisti, ana iya ƙera su don samar da propylene glycol ta hanyar tsarin fermentation. Misali, ta hanyar canza kwayoyin halitta na Escherichia coli ko Klebsiella pneumoniae, ana iya yin su don canza sukari (kamar glucose) ko glycerol zuwa propylene glycol. Wannan hanyar fasahar halittu ta fi dacewa da muhalli idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin sinadarai na gargajiya, domin tana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai sauƙi kuma tana iya amfani da hanyoyin samar da iskar carbon. Duk da haka, ingancin waɗannan hanyoyin har yanzu fannoni ne na bincike da haɓakawa.

Matakan kariya

Sharuɗɗan Lafiya: Duk da cewa gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar propylene glycol a matsayin amintacce don amfani a abinci, magunguna, da kayan kwalliya a cikin iyakokin da aka amince da su, yawan shan ruwa ko shan ruwa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga lafiya. Shan ruwa mai yawa na iya haifar da alamun kamar tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa. A cikin mawuyacin hali, yana iya haifar da acidosis na metabolism, yanayin da jiki ke tara acid mai yawa. Shafar fata da propylene glycol mai yawa na iya haifar da ƙaiƙayi ga wasu mutane, musamman waɗanda ke da fata mai laushi. Ya kamata a guji ɗaukar ruwa mai tsawo ko maimaitawa a fata. Idan aka yi amfani da shi a wuraren masana'antu, iska mai kyau ta zama dole don hana shaƙar propylene glycol tururin, saboda shaƙar ruwa mai yawa na iya haifar da rashin jin daɗin numfashi.

Hatsarin Gobara da Fashewa: Propylene glycol yana da wuta, kodayake yana da yanayin walƙiya mai yawa. Tururinsa na iya samar da gaurayawan abubuwa masu fashewa tare da iska a wasu yanayi. Ya kamata a kiyaye wuraren ajiya da sarrafawa daga harshen wuta, tartsatsin wuta, da sauran hanyoyin ƙonewa. Kwantena masu jure wa wuta da kayan aikin kashe gobara masu dacewa ya kamata su kasance a wuraren da ake adanawa ko amfani da propylene glycol.
Tasirin Muhalli: Duk da cewa propylene glycol yana iya lalacewa ta hanyar halitta, sakin babban sinadari zuwa muhalli, musamman a cikin ruwa, har yanzu yana iya yin tasiri. A cikin tsarin ruwa, yana iya cinye iskar oxygen yayin da yake ruɓewa, wanda hakan na iya shafar rayuwar ruwa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kula da sharar gida da kuma kiyaye ta yadda ya kamata don hana sakin propylene glycol cikin muhalli ba tare da kulawa ba.

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